اہل سنت والجماعت اور امامیہ اثنا عشریہ کے اصولِ درایت و مشترک حدیثی اصول: اسبابِ اختلاف اور علمی اثرات کا تحقیقی و تقابلی مطالعہ

Principles of Hadith Dirayah and Shared Hadith Foundations between Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama‘ah and the Imami Twelver Shi‘ah: A Comparative and Analytical Study

Abstract

The study of Hadith is not limited to transmission alone; it also includes comprehension, interpretation, application, reconciliation of apparently conflicting reports, and legal deduction. While the principles of transmission deal with authenticity, isnad, and the reliability of narrators, the principles of dirayah address meaning, textual indication, interpretation, preference, and juristic implications. Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama‘ah and the Imami Twelver Shi‘ah both recognize the authority of Hadith, the importance of understanding it correctly, the necessity of isnad criticism, the investigation of narrators, and the rejection of fabricated reports. Nevertheless, methodological differences exist between the two traditions regarding interpretive authorities of Hadith, the role of reason, the resolution of conflicting reports, the application of textual indications, and the process of ijtihad and taqlid. This article presents a comparative and analytical study of the principles of dirayah, shared Hadith foundations, causes of methodological divergence, and their scholarly and juristic implications. It aims neither to refute nor to prefer one tradition over the other, but to clarify the intellectual foundations and methodological distinctions of both traditions in a balanced academic manner.